Billiard glossary

1 Billiard glossary
2 At the end

Strategy and technology…

Concentration and precision…

Relaxation and sociability…

Billiards has various charms.

Billiards is a game that requires more than just putting the ball in the pocket, it requires shot technique and strategy.

Regardless of the professional level, general level skills and strategies are not required.

Rather, it is a sports game that can be played with friends in a fun and relaxed atmosphere.

This is the first step for beginners to start playing billiards!

This time, I will explain the terms used in billiards.

If you are interested in billiards, please take a look at this glossary.

Thickness

Refers to the way the cue ball and target ball overlap during a shot. Generally speaking, 1/2 is the standard, and if there is more overlap than that, it is said to be “thick”, and if there is less, it is said to be “thin”.

posterior bulb

Refers to the placement of a pocketed target ball or the placement left after a combination shot or cannon shot. This is also called “remaining ball.”

address

Refers to the series of actions to prepare the cue ball for a shot, and the posture used when doing so.

Hole play/Hanaburi

This refers to a shot that uses the size of the pocket to position itself primarily for the next ball.

For example, if the placement is thick, you may want to pocket it thinly and run the cue ball, or conversely, if the placement is thin.

At the professional level, you need to be able to pocket on either side, even in a straight line.

and safety

When the probability of pocketing is low, this refers to intentionally aiming for the target ball and intentionally considering the shot to create a disadvantageous situation for the opponent even if you fail.

inning

This refers to the time between plays until a mistake or foul occurs and a player is substituted. In bowling, it can refer to the first or second half of the frame.

imaginary ball

An imaginary ball placed closely behind the target ball on a line connecting the target pocket and the target ball. If you hit the cue ball on this line, you can pocket the target ball.

image ball

An imaginary ball placed closely behind the target ball on a line connecting the target pocket and the target ball. If you overlap this ball with the cue ball and hit it, you can pocket the target ball.

Get in

In addition to regular shots, it also refers to the act of “putting” a target ball into the pocket with bank shots, combination shots, cannon shots, etc., or the aim of doing so.

Ireichi

It refers to a shot that ignores positional play and focuses only on shooting the target ball in front of it, and the posture of the shooter. Elaichi is sometimes selected especially for “long, hard-to-strike” arrangements.

english

Means “hineri” in English. Refers to the technique and effect of applying horizontal rotation to the cue head.

inch

A unit of length, equivalent to 1/12 foot (1/12 of 1 foot). It is approximately 2.54 cm and is widely used as a standard unit of measurement for billiard equipment.

impact

In billiards, it refers to the moment during a stroke when the cue tip (tap) makes contact with the cue ball.

inlay

Refers to cue bats decorated with shells, wood, jewelry, etc. embedded in them for decorative purposes.

weight bolt

A screw-shaped weight attached to the bat to adjust the mass and balance of the cue.

warm up stroke

A series of warm-up movements in the cue movement before hitting the cue ball.

Back square

When the opposing player does not make any balls with a break shot, the player going first “completes” the arrangement without passing the turn to the end.

This is the situation with the largest number of target balls, and is often more difficult than break run-out (maswari).

However, for example, if the game ends with a combination of balls 1 to 9 in a 9-ball game, this does not include this.

A class/A class

A term used to describe the rank of an amateur billiards player, referring to the second highest class rather than the highest class. Although there is no uniform standard nationwide, it is commonly used in pool halls and amateur tournaments.

eight ball

One of the representative games of pocket billiards, players play by selecting from low balls numbered 1 to 7 (solid) and high balls numbered 9 to 15 (striped), and after pocketing all the balls, the number 8 ball is played. You win if you pocket the . It is widely popular all over the world.

apex

This word refers to apex, which refers to the top of the rack and the ball at that position.

aiming point

This refers to the actual target point at which the cue should be directed when aiming for the target ball toward the pocket.

SA class/SA class

A term that indicates the highest rank of amateur billiards players, and is sometimes called to distinguish among the winners of open matches and official matches for advanced players within the A class. Although there is no uniform standard nationwide, it is used in billiard halls and amateur tournaments.

Entry fee

Refers to the cost of participating in the match.

Okay

To consider a shot as successful without waiting for the result of the opponent’s shot.

opening break shot

The shot taken at the beginning of the event. It is usually used synonymously with break shot, but strictly speaking, break shot refers to breaking the ball that is solidified during the game, whereas break shot only refers to the shot taken at the beginning of the game. point.

open

There must be a gap between the cushion and the target ball.
In 8-ball, a player’s group ball has not yet been determined.

open stance

A type of stance when creating a form. The center of gravity is on the hind legs, and the toes of the front legs are pointed forward.

open game

A match in which professionals and amateurs can participate at the same time.

open table

In 8-ball, a player’s group ball has not yet been determined.

open bridge

A type of bridge. It is so called because it is “open” with no support from above, and because the cue direction is easier to see than the “standard bridge”, it is used for difficult targets (such as distant and thin targets). Also called open rest. To make it, 1. Place your hand on the table, 2. Inflate your hand as if you are grabbing an egg, and 3. Place your thumb on it.

open break

A prerequisite for breaking a rack is that “some target ball must be pocketed or multiple target balls must enter the cushion.” A break shot that follows the rules.

open frame

In bowlard, the frame is neither a strike nor a spare, and the basic score is 9 points or less.

push to death

After hitting the target ball near the pocket, the cue ball immediately stops after the cushion reflex due to strong forward rotation. Also, the shot was done with that intention.

push ball

A shot intended to give forward rotation to the cue ball and use the effect of forward rotation to control the course the cue ball rolls after hitting the target ball.

If the cue ball hits the target ball in a straight line with 100% thickness, the cue ball will move forward from that spot in a straight line.

When hitting a target ball at an angle, the cue ball first moves in a direction 90 degrees to the direction of travel of the target ball, and then moves forward while drawing a curve due to the influence of forward rotation.

hold down

After hitting the target ball near the pocket, the cue ball immediately stops after the cushion reflex due to strong follow rotation. Also, the shot was done with that intention.

Push-out double cushion

An action in which the cue ball hits the same cushion two or more times in a row using intense forward rotation. Also, the shot was done with that intention.

object ball

A general term for the target ball as opposed to the cue ball.
The current target ball.

alternate break

Regardless of the result of the previous game, the order of break shots is determined from the beginning, with the first player playing odd number games (1, 3, 5…) and the second player playing even number games (2, 4, 6…). rules.

ounce

unit of weight. 1/16 lb. It is abbreviated as oz. 1 ounce is approximately 28.35g. It is also used as a standard unit of cue weight in Japan.

garter

A ballad resulting in 0 runs in the first innings.

curve

(1) Curved cue ball.

(2) The cue ball deviates from its straight trajectory and curves due to the lateral rotation given to the cue ball consciously or unconsciously and the friction with the rasher. Or that shot.

Gakogako

The target ball hits the “corner” of the pocket two or three times and remains in front of the hole. The name comes from the onomatopoeia that represents this situation. Also called “Katakata”.

cut

Generally, the thickness is thinner than 1/2 (hitting the right half/left half of the target ball when viewed from directly behind the target ball).

Also, the shot with that placement.

Beginners often find it difficult to get a sense of what to aim for than a straight or thick ball.

empty cushion

When the target ball is hidden or a direct shot is difficult, a shot in which the cue ball is placed into the cushion first and then hits the target ball to aim for a shot or a safety.

This is a highly difficult shot that requires accurate assessment of the angle of incidence on the cushion, the point of impact, and the amount of force.

Sky

When the target ball is hidden or a direct shot is difficult, a shot in which the cue ball is placed into the cushion first and then hits the target ball to aim for a shot or a safety.

This is a highly difficult shot that requires accurate assessment of the angle of incidence on the cushion, the point of impact, and the amount of force.

The reason why cushion is shortened to “ko” is said to come from the fact that in an old book that introduced billiards to Japan, the pronunciation of “cushion” was written as “kosshin.”

Similarly, a “ball cushion” is also called a “ball cushion.”

Complete double elimination

One of the elimination tournament formats. A match format with a repechage match in which all contestants have a chance to win until they lose for the second time.

The final match will be a match between a player who has never lost and a player who has won from the repechage match.

At this time, if a player who has never lost wins, he will be declared the champion; if he loses, a playoff will be held in which the same match will be played again, and the winner will be declared the champion.

It is often used in billiards tournaments.

key ball

(1) A ball that is pocketed one ball before the break ball at 14-1.

(2) When three or more target balls are in contact, the third ball counting from the ball that should be headed for the pocket. A ball that determines the impact of a throw.

(3) A ball that is the key to strategic placement and successful shots. For example, the 1st ball of the 1st-9th combination, or the ball that says “If you can do this, you can win” in one arrangement.

make it effective

Efficiently push, pull, and twist rotation.

It’s not just about hitting the ball up, down, left and right as hard as you can, it’s also about the timing of the impact on the cue ball and the follow-through.

If you become an advanced player, you will be able to “make it work” even with “points” that are close to the center.

dominant eye

Like the dominant arm or leg, the eye that sees more strongly is the eye that is responsible for the function of grasping direction.

While looking at an object at a distance with both eyes, surround it with a ring made with your fingers, close one eye at a time, and point to the eye where the object does not move from the ring.

It is considered important in billiards, and it is said that it is best to hold the cue directly below your dominant eye.

kiss

A collision between the cue ball and the target ball, or between target balls.

A shot that takes advantage of this is the “kiss shot,” in which the primary ball hits another target ball, changes direction there, and pockets the primary ball.

kiss in

Pocketing of the first ball that hits another target ball due to a kiss shot.

kick shot

A shot in which the cue ball hits the target ball after it enters the cushion.

It is used when the target ball is hidden and it is difficult to shoot directly, or when playing a safety.

This is a highly difficult shot that requires accurate assessment of the angle of incidence on the cushion, the point of impact, and the amount of force.

kitchen

The part of the table bed that is closer to the head than the headline. In common parlance, the term “two-point” often refers to this area.

In many events, the opening break shot begins with the cue ball placed anywhere within this range.

Also, depending on the event, after a foul, the cue ball is placed anywhere within this range and play is restarted.

Reverse twist

If you want to shoot by hitting the cue ball on the left side of the target, hitting the opposite side, that is, the right side of the cue ball, will result in a “reverse twist” (if you hit the cue ball on the right side, hit the left side of the cue ball).

A reverse twist in pocket billiards is used to “attenuate the momentum of the cue ball or shorten the angle at which it leaves the cushion” (*There are exceptions such as “cut back”).

The cue ball, which has a strong reverse twist, moves in ways that would be impossible with a cue ball that rolls naturally, making it visually interesting.

However, shooting the target ball while using a reverse twist requires getting used to and practice.

cannon shot

A shot in which the cue ball hits two or more target balls in succession, with the aim of pocketing the second and subsequent target balls.

This is a highly difficult shot in which the thickness and point of impact on the target ball are important, and the back ball must also be considered.

Canon in short means “cannon”.

carom

(1) Cannon shot.

(2) A general term for pocket billiards that uses tables without pockets, such as three-cushion tables.

(3) It can also be used as a verb to mean “to aim at or hit with a carom shot.”

carom shot

A shot in which the cue ball hits two or more target balls in succession, with the aim of pocketing the second and subsequent target balls.

This is a highly difficult shot in which the thickness and point of impact on the target ball are important, and the back ball must also be considered.

Canon in short means “cannon”.

queue

A stick-shaped tool used to hit the ball, usually made of wood.

Most current cues have a two-part structure, with the shaft in the front half connected to the butt in the back half with a threaded joint.

A tap made of leather or resin is attached to the tip of the shaft, and this part hits the ball.

Weight is expressed in ounces (1oz = approximately 28.35g), and generally 18 to 21oz (approximately 510 to approximately 595g) is used.

In addition, many bats have beautiful designs due to the use of hooks or inlays, and some have high value not only as tools but also as works of art.

Queue out

In a shot, the rotation given to the cue ball appears as an extremely efficient reaction. Also, that kind of shot.

The state in which the push, pull, and twist are “effective” is said to be “cut,” and the degree of “cue breaking” is described as either “present” or “not.”

cue case

A tool for transporting cues.

There are various materials and shapes, and the number of cues that can be stored varies from one to four or more.

“1B2S” in the product specifications of the cue case means that it can store “1 bat and 2 shafts.”

Cue Skill Rating System

A competitive event designed by American professional Allen Hopkins to numerically measure a player’s technical ability.

cue stick

A stick-shaped tool used to hit the ball, usually made of wood.

Most current cues have a two-part structure, with the shaft in the front half connected to the butt in the back half with a threaded joint.

A tap made of leather or resin is attached to the tip of the shaft, and this part hits the ball. Weight is expressed in ounces (1oz = approximately 28.35g), and generally 18 to 21oz (approximately 510 to approximately 595g) is used.

In addition, many bats are decorated with various decorations, and some have great value not only as tools but also as works of art.

Cue out

After the cue ball is shot, the cue destination continues to come out. It also refers to its depth and stability.

In order to make the push, pull, and twist work, instead of stopping the cue at the same time as you hit the cue ball, you should “follow through.”

Q-tip

It is attached to the tip of the shaft and comes into direct contact with the cue ball during a shot, and is mainly made from materials such as leather or resin.

cue ball

This is the only ball that is allowed to be hit by tapping while playing billiards. It is usually white in color. A word for object ball.

cu rack

Appliances and equipment that can be attached to a wall or the like to safely store cues when not in use.

curved ball

Shots with pre-planned placement that arouse interest or surprise in the viewer.

There are a variety of shots, from those that require a high level of skill such as jumping the cue ball, applying strong backspin and curves, to those that are carefully placed and calculated to produce the same result no matter who makes the shot. be.

cut back

A shot that combines push and twist. It is often used as a position play. One of the representative position techniques that uses reverse twist.

cushion

A rubber frame wrapped in lasha attached around the table bed of a billiard table.

The ball is reflected here when you cannot aim directly at the target ball. The short side is called the short cushion, and the long side is called the long cushion.

cushion jump

A shot that uses a cushion to make the cue ball jump.

After the cue ball bounces off the cushion, it bounces back while jumping high.

It is used to dodge a target ball when it is reflected from a cushion.

cushion touch

The cushion and ball are in contact with each other without any gaps.

When the cue ball is in this state, mistakes are more likely to occur because the hitting point is limited to the top, making it difficult to hit.

cluster

There are many target balls that are close together and clustered together in a place that seems to be difficult to proceed with the cutout in the arrangement on the table, such as the target balls being so close together that it is impossible to aim directly at the shot. The place where it is made.

grip

(1) Position where you hold the cue. Or the range.

(2) How to hold the cue.

grip rubber

A rubber tube-shaped auxiliary device that is attached to the top of the threaded part of the cue bat, and is used to prevent slipping.

closed stance

A type of stance. The center of gravity is in the forefoot, and the toes of the forefoot point slightly inward.

glove

A tool worn on the hand that assembles the bridge to keep the shaft slipping.

cross

About cloth. In billiards, it refers to a rasha stretched out on a table bed.

game ball

(1) A target ball that wins the game by pocketing that one ball. For example, in a 9-ball game, the 9th ball is on the reach (hang).

If a referee is present in this state, the call will be made when a player is aiming for the 9th ball.

(2) A target ball that is essentially the key point in the arrangement.

Breaking the current situation

A rule used in some events that states that when one ruck ends, the player must hit the break shot of the next rack from that spot without moving the cue ball, which has stopped in the kitchen. thing.

cross

In billiards, it refers to a rasha stretched out on a table bed.

corner bank

A bank shot aimed at a corner pocket, which is a bank shot in which the target ball is first cushioned at least once and then pocketed.

corner pocket

Pockets at the four corners of a pocket billiards table.

The width of the hole is about 2.2 balls wide for a typical table.

In pocket billiards, players compete to drop target balls into pockets on the sides and here, and the act of turning and shooting the ball is also called “pocketing.”

called shot

Rules that limit the method of shots applied depending on the event.

Before shooting, you must specify “which target ball” and “which pocket” to aim for.

alternating break

5-9

One of the variations of 9-ball, also called go-kyu, gok, etc.

It is a nine-ball game that can be played by three or more players, with the 5th and 9th balls scoring points, and is played mainly in eastern Japan.

cockroach

The missed target hits the corner of the side pocket and runs toward the corner pocket as if crawling along a long cushion.

It resembles a cockroach in its ability to run quickly along walls.

Basically a flock. However, it can also be targeted intentionally.

Kojiri Kojiru

The basic idea is to swing the cue straight, but due to physical factors such as physique, form, handedness, or an inability to take certain shots, the cue can sometimes be swung to the left or right.

Some people do it consciously, but it should generally be avoided as it lowers the probability of a shot.

killing ball

To reduce the speed of the cue ball.

A shot with the speed suppressed to the limit just below the turning point. It also refers to shots that use a “reverse twist” against the cushion to reduce speed.

contact point

(1) The point of contact between the balls.

(2) The point at which the cue ball should make contact in order to correctly pocket the target ball.

combination shot

The technique of hitting the first ball with the cue ball, then hitting it with the second ball and pocketing it. Also, how to aim.

This shot is much more difficult than a normal shot because the aim is a “point”. Similar to the “cannon shot,” this shot must be shot with the back of the ball in mind. Combi for short.

There are also combinations that use three or more target balls.

seat

A thin leather or resin cushion that is sandwiched between the tap and the tip.

Sometimes it is integrated with the tap from the beginning, and sometimes just the seat can be added and installed depending on your preference.

side bank

Among the bank shots in which the target ball is first placed in the cushion at least once and then pocketed, the bank shot is aimed at a side pocket.

side pocket

A pocket in the center of the long cushion. There are two places on one table.

The opening is usually made slightly wider than the corner pocket.

side rail

The top part of the wooden frame on the side with the long cushion and side pockets.

～ ahead

“First to win the rack (game)” is a phrase used to express the number of racks that must be acquired in order to win.

For example, when the player who gets 5 racks first wins the game, it is “5 first” (gosaki).

first ball

A target ball that you are aiming to pocket.

For example, in a 9-ball game, the first ball is the one that comes around with a break no-in.

It may also refer to the second ball in a combination shot, such as the 9th ball in a 1st-9th combination.

Pointed horn

It is a mainly white resin part attached to the tip of the shaft, and a tap is attached to it.

It works to protect the shaft from impact during shots. Also called “ferrule” and “bone.”

Japanese cushion

A small cut rasher placed under the cue ball to protect the rasher from abrasion during break shots.

It is not used in matches, but is often used during regular play in pool halls.

Depending on the store, you may find cushions that are not made of Rasha, such as ones cut from clear files.

CS card

National player registration certificate issued by the Japan Billiards Association.

The purpose of this event is for billiards enthusiasts to come together and organize activities in order to popularize and develop the sport of billiards.

Anyone can register, but registration is required to participate in official billiards matches, and it also serves as an official billiards card for billiards players.

Participation in events such as the Olympics is also possible.

C class/C class

A term used to describe the level of an amateur pocket billiards player, and refers to the fourth class.

It is often used in pool halls and amateur tournaments.

However, there are no uniform standards nationwide, and apart from Beginner and C Class, players are sometimes divided into five classes: SA (Super Amateur), A, B, C, and Beginner. .

system

Various numbers are assigned to marks placed at equal intervals around the billiard table, and the progression courses of the cue ball and target ball are systematically summarized by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing them.

Also known as the Diamond System.

japan nine ball

(1) A name to distinguish it from a regular nine-ball. The winning condition is to pocket the number 9 ball.

(2) A variation of 9-ball mainly played in western Japan. It is played with 3 or more people, and the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th players score points. It is sometimes used synonymously with “5-9”, but there are different rules.

shaft

The upper half of the cue from the joint. It is mainly manufactured using maple, and a point and tap are attached to the tip.

It is an important part that affects the playability of the cue, and since the late 1990s, instead of using wood itself, various materials have been used, such as making it hollow, filling it with another material, or bonding multiple pieces of shaft material together. We also manufacture shafts with special processing (high-tech shafts).

jump & break cue

This cue is primarily designed to be used for break shots, and has a split bat structure, making it suitable for jump shots as well.

jump cue

It is a cue designed exclusively for jump shots and is shorter than a regular play cue or break cue.

jump shot

A shot in which the cue is set vertically and hit so as to pinch the cue ball, and the cue ball is sent flying by the rebound.

There are long jumps (over a distant target ball) and short jumps (over a nearby target ball).

Usually a short “jump cue” is used, but a regular play cue is also possible.

shoot

It refers to the act of “putting” a target ball into the pocket, not only with regular shots, but also with bank shots, combination shots, cannon shots, etc.

shoot shoot line

The ideal line runs from the center of the pocket you’re aiming at to the center of the target ball.

forward twist

In pocket billiards, if you want to shoot by hitting the right side of the cue ball, hit the same side, that is, the right side of the cue ball, to create a “Jun Hineri.”

Forward twists in pocket billiards are commonly used to make the cue ball run more from the cushion or to open up the angle of reflection from the cushion.

Joe

The part that goes inside the pocket opening from the cushion surface. The area between the cushion cuts.

Joint

The part that connects the cue shaft and butt.

Usually, the shaft side has a female thread and the butt side has a male thread, and a cap is placed on each when carrying it.

joint color

The rear end of the shaft opposite to the side where the tap is installed.

Generally, it is made of metal or resin, and sometimes decorative rings are added.

joint cap

A simplified version of joint protector or refers to itself.

This is a device that protects the joints when the cue is split and prevents moisture from entering.

joint protector

A device that protects the joint parts and prevents moisture from entering when the cue is separated into the butt and shaft.

Can be attached to the bat and shaft respectively.

outdoor ball

A cue ball or target ball that flies off the table. Outside the table refers to all areas other than the table bed.

winner zone

An area that shows the progress of undefeated participants in a double elimination tournament.

shot

(1) The act of hitting the ball. This includes not only shots, but also safeties and break shots.

(2) Order of play. Although sometimes used interchangeably with innings and strokes, strictly speaking, a shot refers to a single contact between the tap and the cue ball.

single elimination

A type of match format in which one loser results in disqualification. There is no repechage.

Core punch

Basically, hit the center of the cue ball.

Some people use it to mean the “center point,” but it can also refer to a stop shot, or in a broader sense, it can refer to a “vertical point” other than the left and right twist points.

Both are basic points.

scratch

(1) A type of foul in pocket billiards, which refers to the situation where the cue ball goes into the pocket.

(2) Refers to a situation where there is no handicap between the players, and is also called “no handicap.”

squonk

It refers to losing with zero points during a match, and is also expressed as “score loss.”

stance

The way a player stands, refers to how far apart their legs are. There are various forms that differ depending on physique and playing style.

standard bridge

A type of bridge that is highly stable and commonly used.

To form your hand, spread your hand out, place it on the table, and pull your middle, ring, and pinky fingers together. Place your thumb on the second joint of your middle finger and make a circle with your index finger.

Keeping your hands on the table and using the bottom of your little finger will improve stability.

standing bridge

A form of bridge, used when the target ball is blocking the area where the bridge is set or when other balls are in the way.

This is an advanced version of the open bridge, supporting the bridge with your fingertips and giving the shaft the appropriate height to enable shots.

stop shot

A shot where the cue ball hits the target ball and stops there.

The pocket, target ball, and cue ball are lined up in a straight line, and the cue ball is in a non-rotating state at the moment it hits the target ball.

However, there are times when it is not necessary to stop, and sometimes the “separation angle” refers to a shot with a 90 degree angle.

strike

In bowling, score 10 points in the first half of an innings in one frame. Certain bonus points are added.

stripe

In pocket billiards, a general term referring to target balls numbered 9 to 15.

Corresponding to this is a group of balls called solids, which are also called highballs in Japanese and English.

straight pool

It is one of the representative games of pocket billiards and is also called “14-1”.

The game is played by using 15 target balls, pocketing them regardless of their numbers, forming a rack of 14 balls with no apex when the 14th ball is pocketed, and breaking the rack while pocketing the 15th ball. A competition that continues.

stroke

(1) Refers to the action when hitting the cue ball and the movement of the cue at that time. Broadly speaking, it can be divided into three stages: takeback, impact, and follow-through.

(2) It can also refer to the warm-up stroke before the actual shot or the entire shot.

snooker

Billiards is a popular game mainly in England.

It is played on a table that is larger than a pocket billiards table, with a side ratio of 1.5 times, and uses one cue ball and 21 target balls.

The size of the ball is also smaller than in pocket billiards, and the word snooker refers to the act of “playing the safety” in pocket billiards.

spot

(1) Originally, it refers to a “point,” but in billiards, the head spot, center spot, and foot spot are sometimes collectively called.

(2) In Filipino-style rotation, “give up” is sometimes declared as “spot.”

three cushion

A type of carom billiards played on a table without pockets.

One cue ball and two target balls are used, and a point is scored when the cue ball hits the two target balls, but the cue ball must hit the cushion three or more times.

three fouls

In some pocket billiards competitions, there is a rule that imposes a penalty if there are three consecutive fouls in one rack.

In nine-ball, that ruck loses, and in 14-1, the third foul is a one-point deduction, and three fouls are a 15-point deduction.

slicker

A billiard maintenance tool, mainly used to remove dirt from the shaft and improve its sliding. Shapes vary.

slate

A stone slab placed under the rasha (upholstered part) of a billiard table.

Typically, a pocket stand is made of three sheets of slate, with the seams filled in with plaster.

In the past, marble was used as a material, but nowadays man-made materials are mainly used.

slow

A phenomenon in which the friction that occurs when the cue ball makes contact with the target ball causes the target ball to advance in a direction that is actually thicker than the theoretically correct thickness when shooting at an angled target ball.

This is sometimes interpreted as “the force of friction pulls the target ball in the direction of travel of the cue ball,” and there is no effect when the cue ball, target ball, and pockets are lined up in a straight line. This is a phenomenon that always occurs when shooting.

The deviation in the path of the target ball due to the throw depends on the rotation applied to the cue ball, the speed and angle of the cue ball, the distance from the target ball to the pocket, and can range from several millimeters to three balls.

safety

(1) An active defensive shot that is selected when it is difficult to shoot or when the position for the next ball is difficult even if it goes in.

Control the target ball, cue ball, or both to hide or move away from another target ball, creating a difficult situation for your opponent.

It is ideal to create an advantageous position that is difficult for the opponent to hit, and may sometimes lead to a foul on the opponent.

(2) In a particular competition, a call indicating that there is no intention to score. Regardless of whether the target ball enters the pocket or not, players will be substituted with the current arrangement.

safe

Refers to all legal shots, including safeties, regardless of whether the target ball goes in or not.

World Billiard Sports Federation

WCBS (World Confederation of Billiard Sports).

It is an organization that unites billiards organizations around the world, and was recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1996, establishing billiards as an international sport.

laminated tap

A general term for taps made by stacking and gluing multiple layers of thin leather and cutting them into a circular shape.

It is generally known as a “laminate tap” outside of Japan.

Japan’s “Mori Tap” was the first to develop and commercialize it, and since then many manufacturers around the world have manufactured and sold similar laminated taps.

set match

A method in which players compete in one competition, each game (luck) is worth one point, and the winner is the one who gets the specified number of points first.

center shot

A shot in which the target ball is placed at the center spot and the cue ball is aimed at the corner pocket from any position in the kitchen.

In particular, a straight shot with the cue ball placed on an extended line connecting the pocket and the target ball is common, and is often done as a practice shot to check how to hit the cue straight.

center spot

A small circular marker placed in the center of the table.

Depending on the rules of each sport, it may be necessary to move the target ball above this.

instant death

Arrangement that can almost certainly be pocketed. However, it is not used when it can simply be pocketed directly, and is mainly used for “combination shots” and “cannon shots.”

It also includes situations where a target ball in a rack is directly pocketed.

soft case

A type of cue case, made of leather or vinyl and shaped like a bag.

Compared to hard cases, protection against external impacts is lower.

solid

In pocket billiards, a general term referring to target balls numbered 1 through 7.

Corresponding to this is a group of balls called stripes, which are also called low balls in Japanese and English.

target pool

A game created by American professional player Kim Davenport.

A game that includes a practice element in which dart-like targets are placed on a billiard table and players compete for control over the cue ball.

timing

(1) In billiards, it refers to the magnitude of the gap between the moment when you feel the impact of the cue ball and cue at the moment of a shot, and the moment of actual impact.

Good timing refers to shots where these conditions are very close.

(2) Refers to the timing at which multiple balls moving simultaneously on the table meet based on calculations or by chance.

Aims that take advantage of this are called timing shots, time shots, encounter balls, etc.

diamond

Marks placed at equal intervals around the table along the cushions.

Useful as a landmark when shooting with a cushion. Although the shape is generally round in modern times, it originates from the fact that in the past, the shape was rhombus (diamond).

broth

To perform the next shot relatively safely after pocketing a target ball in pocket billiards, and to place the cue ball in a position where it is easy to position for the next ball.

stand/stand

(1) Arranging the target balls in the correct position and in the correct order before the break shot.

(2) The angle of reflection should be larger than the angle of incidence on the cushion. Using reverse twist, etc., to intentionally create a situation where the reflection angle becomes large.

touch

This refers to the state in which the ball is in complete contact with the cushion and other balls, with no gaps.

This is sometimes considered “trouble,” but if the line connecting the target ball and another target ball points toward the pocket, it becomes an “instant death combination.”

Tap

It is attached to the tip of the shaft and comes into direct contact with the cue ball during a shot, and is mainly made from materials such as leather or resin.

vertical bank

Among the shots in which the target ball is first placed in the cushion at least once and then pocketed to the corner or side, the bank shot is aimed at by reflecting the target ball off a short cushion.

Usually aim for the corner pocket. The basic aim is the same as a bank shot using a long cushion, but it is more difficult because the distance the target ball travels is longer.

double elimination

(1) One of the knockout tournament formats.

All contestants have a chance to win until they lose twice, and there is also a repechage match.

In the final match, a player who has never lost and a player who has advanced from the repechage match against each other. If the former wins, they will be declared the champions. If the latter wins, an additional playoff will be held, and the winner will be the champion.

(2) In contrast to full double elimination, there is informal double elimination in which no matter who wins, the final winner is determined without a playoff.

double bank

A type of bank shot in which the target ball is first cushioned at least once and then pocketed to the corner or side.

This is a shot where the target ball passes through two cushions and ends up in the opposite pocket.

double hit

A rule unique to Japan that allows a “double hit” by calling this when the gap between the cue ball and the target ball is less than one choke.

However, it is not allowed in current professional or amateur official matches.

ball

There are two types of balls in pocket billiards: cue balls and target balls.

The white one is the cue ball, and the target balls are numbered from 1 to 5. Numbers 1 to 5 are also called low balls, and numbers 9 to 5 are also called high balls.

In the past, it was common to use ivory, but now phenolic resin is the mainstream.

ball cushion

A phenomenon in which the cue ball hits a target ball next to a cushion, and before the cue ball can escape, the target ball receives a rebound from the cushion and hits the cue ball again.

An unexpected reaction may cause the target ball to go off course, or it may be possible to predict that reaction in advance and take advantage of it.

ball

A shortened name for a ball cushion where the cue ball hits a target on the edge of the cushion, and before the cue ball escapes, the target ball receives a rebound from the cushion and hits the cue ball again.

The reason why cushion is shortened to “ko” is said to come from the fact that in an old book that introduced billiards to Japan, the pronunciation of “cushion” was written as “kosshin.”

Similarly, “sky cushion” is also called “sky cushion”.

touch the ball

A type of foul common in billiards. Touching the cue ball or target ball with any cue other than a tap, clothing, hair, hands, etc., except in free ball situations.

However, in the United States, there is a rule that if it is not intentional, it is not a foul and the opponent has the option of returning to the original position or starting as is.

In addition, many countries have a flexible approach to ties and clothing, allowing for more light ball touching.

A ball

The arrangement is such that you can complete the game by simply letting the cue ball roll naturally and hitting the target ball.

Or, create a positional play that allows you to easily take it like that.

Rather than relying on power, cutting cues, or strong twists, he constantly makes appropriate movements, hits the center of the ball, or lightly pushes the ball, and just by putting it in, the ideal form of positional play leads to the next one.

short cushion

Cushions on both sides of the head and foot sides of the table.

shrink/shrink

A phenomenon in which the angle of reflection from the cushion becomes larger than the angle of incidence on the cushion. Also, by using “reverse twist” etc., intentionally create a state where the reflection angle becomes large.

long cushion

A cushion that runs from both sides of the side pocket to the corner pocket.

Although it is divided by side pockets, it is called a “long” cushion because it is considered one cushion from corner to corner.

chalk

Chalk, a billiards tool, is a small dice-shaped item that is applied to the tip of the cue (tap) to prevent it from slipping at various points on the cue ball.

chalk case

A special chalk container for storing chalk in a cue case to prevent the inside of the cue case from getting dirty during transportation.

Some cases allow use without removing the chalk.

topknot

The name of the specific shape that appears when you fail to hit the bank.

As a result of hitting the cue ball with an unreasonable upper hitting point when it is in contact with the cushion, the cue tip may slide on the top of the cue ball, with the tip resting on top of the cue ball and the cue ball not moving forward at all.

The name comes from the fact that the cue ball resembles a human head, and the top of the cue ball resembles a topknot.

2 points

A term that refers to the distance between two positions around the table, generally referring to the distance “from the head cushion.”

Specifically, this distance is sometimes referred to as the headline.

hard to beat

Refers to shots in situations where normal bridge is difficult.

For example, this applies when hitting the cue ball over the target ball, and a fingertip bridge is often used when hitting the cue ball over the target ball.

Other examples of difficult hitting include “bank hitting,” where the cue ball is hit against the cushion, and a posture in which a small player leans heavily when the cue ball is placed far away.

hit

In billiards, it refers to all shots except breaks. In Japanese, it is also called “Kyukyu” or “Kyukyuki”.

corner

Refers to the corner of a corner pocket or side pocket.

corner cushion

This refers to a shot that utilizes a corner such as a corner as a cushion.

This allows you to aim at the target ball even if it is blocked by a corner. This includes “cockroaches”.

get clogged/stuffed

This refers to a state in which the angle of reflection from the cushion is larger than the angle of incidence on the cushion, and includes techniques such as using reverse twisting to intentionally increase the angle of reflection.

dating ball

(1) The name of the technique is a shot that takes into account the time difference between balls that have made contact and then separated and then come into contact again.

In this technique, the target ball is guided in front of the pocket on the first contact, and then placed in the pocket on the second contact.

(2) Second contact between the balls as an unexpected result.

take back

The action of pulling the cue backwards during the series of actions (strokes) that hit the cue ball.

This is also called the backswing.

table

A billiards table is made of a precisely leveled slate covered with a piece of rasha (cloth), and has different sizes and shapes depending on the type of billiards.

The most common pocket billiard table is a 9-foot table with an internal diameter of 100 inches x 50 inches (254 cm x 127 cm).

table open

A situation in which a player’s group ball has not yet been determined, either immediately after an eight-ball break shot or after regular play has begun.

At this time, the player can hit either the low ball or the high ball with the cue ball first.

table bed

The entire playing area where the ball rolls, including the area from cushion to cushion.

Teke Teke

A technique in which the cue ball enters a cushion, hits a target ball, then enters the same cushion again and hits another target ball.

Originally, it was one of the ways to apply three cushions, and is also called tikki.

cue ball

This is the only ball that is allowed to be tapped during billiards play.

It is usually white in color and is an object ball.

cue ball free

This refers to a situation in which a player is able to pick up the cue ball and place it anywhere on the table due to an opponent’s foul.

This is also called a free ball, but it is a Japanese-English word, and in original English it is expressed as “ball in hand.”

dead stroke

This refers to a state in which the foam is solid and the cue swings smoothly and without wobbling, no matter how difficult the ball is.

This represents the state of being in the “zone” in billiards.

breaking point

This refers to the point you aim at when hitting the cue ball with a tap.

The point of contact is calculated from the relationship between the width of the tap and the curved surface of the cue ball, and may differ from the actual point of contact in cases other than hitting the center of the cue ball.

point system

The distribution of twist points on the cue ball surface is organized according to gradual changes in twist.

It also includes systems that utilize this change.

Bank beating

This is a colloquial term for “cushion” and refers to a shot in which the cue ball hits a cushion.

fly

This refers to when the target ball leaves the pocket.

In some regions, it is also called “Nukiru”. When advanced players play, they may calculate the remaining position after a flight and aim for an and safety.

triangle rack

An equilateral triangular frame used to set the target ball in pocket billiards.

Most are made of wood or plastic, and are also simply called racks.

Recently, rack sheets and rack spot stickers have become popular, making it easier to assemble racks.

trouble

This refers to a situation where the target balls are so close together that it is difficult to aim directly at them.

In particular, when the targets are closely clustered together, it is sometimes called a “cluster.”

allotment

(1) After the turn comes in the middle of the game, it refers to continuing to drop the remaining target balls on the table in one inning without making any mistakes or fouls.

(2) It may also refer to break and run out.

allotment

(1) After the turn comes in the middle of the game, it refers to continuing to drop the remaining target balls on the table in one inning without making any mistakes or fouls.

(2) It may also refer to break and run out.

take out

This refers to the first pitch immediately after a break shot, and includes the target ball that is aimed at at that time.

The number of balls taken out varies depending on the type of game and situation, and is not necessarily the first ball.

For example, in a 9-ball game, if the first ball goes in with your own break, the second ball will be taken out.

trick shot

This refers to shots with planned placement that arouse strong interest or surprise in the viewer.

There are a variety of trick shots, from those that require advanced technique to those that are calculated to produce the same result no matter who shoots them.

triple bank

This refers to a shot in which the target ball is cushioned at least once and then pocketed using the cushion three or more times.

There are various patterns such as short Z-Z and long key.

trimmer

It is a tool used to give the tap an appropriate roundness, and is a type of file. There are different shapes.

draw shot

This refers to a shot in which the ball hits the bottom of the cue ball to impart backspin, and uses the effect of backspin to control the course the cue ball rolls after hitting the target ball.

It can also be used effectively against targets that move in a straight line or at angles.

nine ball

One of the representative games of pocket billiards, it is the most popular in Japan and is still widely played in billiard halls.

During the game, you hit the target balls in order starting with the lowest number remaining on the table and place them in your pocket. In the end, the winner is the player who pockets the 9th ball without committing a foul.

Nine-ball is widely used in professional and amateur games, and is played as a competitive event in many tournaments.

number ball

Refers to all balls used in pocket billiards other than the cue ball.

Number balls are numbered from 1 to 9, and in a 9-ball game, you pocket these balls in order.

Each ball has a different value and there is an element of strategic play.

Beat twice

This is a common foul in billiards, and occurs when the cue ball and target ball are close together and the tap touches the cue ball twice in one shot.

Japan Amateur Pocket Billiards Federation

JAPA (Japan Amateur Pocket-Billiard Federation).

It is an amateur pocket billiards competition organization that is affiliated with the Japan Billiards Association, and is also commonly known as the “Amateur League.”

We hold competitions of various sizes throughout the year, from the national level to the prefectural level.

Japan Snooker Federation

JSA (Japan Snooker Association).

It is a competitive snooker organization affiliated with the Japan Billiards Association, and hosts various large and small competitions throughout the year, including the All Japan Championship.

Japan Billiards Association

NBA (National Billiards Association).

It is an organization that oversees professional and amateur competition organizations for pocket, carom, and snooker, and is in charge of sports billiards in Japan.

It was established in 1952 with the aim of popularizing and developing billiards, and is still working to popularize it as a competitive sport.

Japan Professional Billiards Federation

JPBF (Japan Professional Billiard Federation).

It is a professional carrom billiards competition organization that is affiliated with the Japan Billiards Association, and is a professional organization with a long history that was established in 1923.

Approximately 80 professional players belong to the club and are active both domestically and internationally.

Japan Professional Pocket Billiards Federation

JPBA (Japan Professional Pocket Billiards Association).

A professional pocket billiards competition organization affiliated with the Japan Billiards Association, established in 1965.

Approximately 300 professional players, both male and female, belong to the club and host various tournaments both domestically and internationally.

Angle of incidence

Refers to the angle at which the ball enters the cushion.

Accurately determining the angle of incidence greatly affects the accuracy of position play.

Neki

This is a Japanese-English contraction of “next,” and in billiards, it refers to the placement after pocketing a target ball, or the position of the cue ball at that time.

Refers to the target ball to be aimed at next to the target ball to be aimed at now, or represents its arrangement or position.

In pocket billiards, the next move is extremely important for safe runouts.

Aim point

This refers to the target point where you actually aim your cue when aiming to pocket a target ball.

no cushion foul

A common foul in pocket billiards, unless the target ball is pocketed, one or more balls on the table must reach the cushion after the cue ball and target ball collide.

If the target ball originally touched the cushion, either the target ball must touch the cushion again or another ball on the table, including the cue ball, must enter the cushion.

no-call shot

An antonym of called shot, it refers to a rule that does not require specifying the ball to be pocketed before the shot or the pocket to aim for.

This rule also allows for scoring by chance or luck.

stretch/stretch

This refers to the fact that the angle of reflection from the cushion is smaller than the angle of incidence on the cushion, and also refers to the act of intentionally creating a state in which the angle of reflection becomes smaller by using techniques such as “forward twist.”

hard case

A type of cue case that uses robust materials to increase its ability to protect the cue from external impacts.

Half V system

One of the billiards systems, it refers to the method of finding the second cushion in the five-and-half system.

loser zone

In double-elimination format tournaments, this refers to the area in which a player who lost once continues to remain in the tournament until the second loss, while still having a chance of winning.

high run

14-1 In billiards, it refers to the score in a single inning with the highest score.

house cue

Refers to rental cues provided by billiard halls.

house tournament

A collective term for various tournaments sponsored by billiard halls, in which competitors of a wide range of levels, from beginners to professional players, can participate.

powder

It is a white powder that mainly contains talc, and is an item that is applied to the hands and shaft to improve slippage. Solid ones also exist.

Hagi

Refers to the pointed pattern on the cue bat.

This is a distinctive pattern created by joining two square pieces of wood together and forming them into a bar shape when making cues.

This is a natural part of the cue making process, and some cues have beautiful designs.

play

This refers to a shot that suppresses the follow-through and abruptly stops the cue upon impact with the cue ball.

By using a twist point other than the center, it becomes difficult to obtain effects such as push/pull or twist.

On the other hand, sometimes this shot is intentionally chosen for positional play.

path

During a game where the push-out rule is applied, it refers to ceding the right to play to the opponent without taking over the remaining position in response to the opponent’s push-out.

If passed, the player who pushed out must play from his current position.

hustler

In its original English sense, it refers to “a person who plays to gain financial gain through fraudulent means” or “a person who pretends to be a novice, drunk, etc., to catch opponents off guard and extort large sums of money.” Masu.

However, in Japan, due to the influence of the movies “Hustler” and “Hustler 2,” it is also used as a general term to refer to billiard players.

There is also the word “billiardist,” which means “a person who plays billiards,” but it is usually used as “pool player” to refer to a person who plays pocket billiards, and “professional pool player” in the case of a professional. Masu.

3/8 system

This is one of the billiards systems used to read the direction of travel of the cue ball when the cue ball and target ball are shot from a frozen state.

bat

The lower half from the joint when the cue is divided into two.

It is mainly divided into the forearm, grip, and bat sleeve from the rear end of the grip to the bumper.

For high-quality cues, precious wood is used as the main material for the bat because of its stability and beautiful appearance.

In recent years, bats with various structures have been manufactured.

bat sleeve

The part of the bat from the end of the grip to the butt plate may be decorated with various designs.

butt plate

This is the rearmost cue butt part of the bat, and is usually made of resin.

Some cues allow you to adjust the weight of the cue and may have a built-in weight bolt.

vanish film

A plastic film similar to fine sandpaper used to condition the shaft surface.

Multiple types exist.

Harakiri bank

During a bank shot where the target ball is first placed in the cushion at least once and then pocketed in the corner or side, the target ball’s belly is cut to determine the path of the target ball as the cue ball pockets it. A common name for a shot that runs across the street.

balance point

Points to the center of gravity of the cue.

Normally, this is the position where you can maintain balance when the cue is held horizontally and supported at one point, and it is generally said that it is best to position the grip approximately 15cm to 0cm behind the balance point, but depending on the size of the individual. It may also vary depending on the type of shot.

banking

A common method for determining the opening break selection is often used in competitions.

Both players simultaneously hit the ball from the head side to the short cushion on the foot side, and the player who hits the ball closer to the head cushion gets the right to choose.

It doesn’t matter if the second cushion is inserted or not.

punk

This refers to a state in which a leather tap has been used so much that the fibers inside it have loosened and lost their hardness.

If you apply light sideways force to the tap with your thumb and the entire tap deforms easily, you have a puncture.

bank shot

This refers to a shot in which the target ball is first cushioned at least once and then pocketed to the corner or side.

Even the same bank has various names depending on the shape of the shot.

In addition, there is a system for this shot that summarizes the aim called the bank shot system.

bank shot system

It is a system that summarizes the aim of bank shots.

reflection angle

This refers to the angle at which the ball reflects off the cushion and exits.

Even if the angle of incidence is the same, the angle of reflection will vary depending on the strength of the shot and the difference in the top, bottom, left, and right points of impact.

By controlling this, you can play a variety of positions.

bumper

This is a rubber part attached to protect the part of the cue bat that touches the floor.

This protects the cue from impact with the floor.

B class/B class

This term refers to the third class of amateur pocket billiards players, and is widely used in pool halls and amateur tournaments.

Nationally uniform standards do not yet exist. B-class players are average players, and there are many of them, and the difference in their level is widening.

Pulled ball

This is a shot that attempts to use the effect of backspin to control the course of the cue ball by hitting the bottom of the cue ball and applying backspin, and then the cue ball rolls after hitting the target ball.

If you hit the target ball in a straight line with 100% thickness, the cue ball will recede straight away from that spot.

However, when it hits an angled target ball, the cue ball briefly moves 90 degrees to the direction of travel of the target ball, and then curves back due to the influence of backspin.

beginner

This term refers to a beginner in billiards, and refers to a player whose technical level has barely mastered the basics.

It generally refers to technical beginners, regardless of their background.

Beginners Tournament

This tournament is open to beginners only, and not only complete beginners but also players up to C level may be allowed to participate.

Hikkake

When the target ball is close to or touching the cushion, this refers to shooting by hitting the target ball after putting the cue ball into the cushion.

It is called this because it is like hitting a target ball. It is also sometimes called the “front cushion.”

Even if you cannot shoot directly because the cue ball and target ball are at an angle of 90 degrees or more, you may be able to shoot by using the hitch.

twist

Refers to imparting left-right rotation to the cue ball, or lateral rotation imparted to the cue ball using the left and right pull points.

This allows for a variety of cue ball actions and position plays.

A twisted cue ball is especially effective when it hits the cushion, and is used for positional play.

The more you hit the edge of the cue ball, the more the amount of twist (effect) will increase, but you should also be aware that the difficulty of anticipating the shot will increase.

billiards

It is a general term for competitions in which players hit the ball with a cue, and the main competitions are divided into three: pocket (pool), carrom, and snooker.

hill hill

In a match, both you and your opponent win by one point, meaning a full game.

It is a state of reaching each other, and the etymology comes from the English word “hill-hill”.

pool

Pocket billiards tables originally had a mechanism in which balls that fell into the pockets were collected there, so in English-speaking countries, the word “pool”, which means “to collect”, is mainly used as the general name for pocket billiards. I am.

In the United States, the term billiards generally refers to the three-cushion game, but circumstances differ from country to country, and in countries such as the Philippines, the word billiards can also refer to the pocket game.

five and half system

This is one of the systems frequently used in pocket billiards, and is a method for calculating the first cushion to aim for from the position of the cue ball and the third cushion.

foul

Refers to illegal shots or actions when playing billiards.

Examples of this include “no cushion foul,” “scratch,” and “touching the ball.”

feet

A unit of length. In English, the singular form is foot, and the plural form is feet.

1 foot is 12 inches, approximately 30.48 cm. Many elements, such as billiard equipment and tables, use feet as the standard unit.

V bridge

This is a type of bridge, and because the cue direction is easier to see than a standard bridge, it is used for difficult aiming or distant and thin shots.

To make it, (1) place your hand on the table, and (2) inflate your hand as if you were grabbing an egg. (3) Add your thumb to it and it’s complete.

finger tip bridge

This is a type of bridge, and is used when the target ball is blocking the area where the bridge is to be constructed, or when there is another ball between the cue ball and the bridge.

This is an application of an open bridge, and by raising the entire bridge with your fingertips, you can give height to the shaft and make shots possible.

phenolic resin

A type of synthetic resin, used as a material for balls, cue parts, and taps.

Cue balls were once made from ivory, but phenolic resin has a specific gravity close to that of ivory and is also suitable for balls in terms of hardness and hardness.

14-1

It is one of the most popular games of pocket billiards and is also called “straight pool.” The game is played by using 15 target balls, pocketing them regardless of the number, and when the 14th ball is pocketed, form a rack of 14 balls without a vertex, and then break the rack while pocketing the 15th ball. This is a game that continues. When written in English, it is usually written as “14.1”.

form

It refers to the desired series of body movements in sports, and can also refer to the shape of each body part.

With stable form, it is expected that the level of play will also be stable.

follow shot

A shot intended to give forward rotation to the cue ball and use the effect of forward rotation to control the course the cue ball rolls after hitting the target ball.

If you hit the target ball in a straight line with 100% thickness, the cue ball will move forward from that spot in a straight line.

follow through

This refers to the way the cue is released after the tap impacts the cue ball, and is the final step in the stroke sequence.

push

About “push out”. In the past, a “double hit” call was sometimes referred to as a “push.”

push out

In a play immediately after a broken shot, when it is difficult to shoot or make a safety, this refers to moving the cue ball to a desired location on the table to give the opponent a turn.

This rule is mainly applied to nine-ball, ten-ball, rotation, etc. If the target ball goes in on a break, it will be applied to the player who made the break, and if it is a no-in, it will be applied to the opponent player. After a pushout, the player whose turn it is to hit has the option to either hit or pass.

foot

An expression used to describe the direction of a billiard table, and refers to the side where the rack is assembled.

foot cushion

A short cushion on the foot side of a table.

foot spot

A point marked on the center line of the table, 2 points from the foot side.

There is usually a round sticker attached, and when assembling the rack, place the ball so that the top ball is on top of this.

Also, in the rules of each event, there are situations in which the target ball is moved above this.

private queue

Also known as “my cue,” it is a cue that is owned by an individual, as opposed to a house cue (a shared cue provided at a pool or club).

plus two system

One of the diamond systems, this system uses each point on the table to calculate the numerical value of each point where the cue ball goes from the short edge to the cue, Z, and three-cushion lines.

pretend

Refers to the curve and angle of the line connecting the cue ball, target ball, and pocket when shooting a target ball.

If everything is not in a straight line, it is said to be “furi-garu” (attached).

Also, after pocketing the target ball, pretending that the cue ball naturally moves in the direction of the next target ball is called “junkuri,” and the opposite is called “gyakufuriki.”

These pretend moves are important elements in position play.

free ball

This refers to a player being able to pick up the cue ball and place it anywhere on the table due to an opponent’s foul.

In Japanese English, it is also called “ball in hand.”

bridge

The stance of the hand that supports the shaft when hitting the cue ball. There are various types such as standard bridge and open bridge.

A shortened form of mechanical bridge.

bridge head

This is the part on which the shaft of a mechanical bridge is placed.

full ball

This is an arrangement where the aiming pocket, target ball, and cue ball are lined up in a straight line, and the thickness is 100%.

basic

The simplest game in which 15 balls are dropped each as a point regardless of their order, and the player who scores the most points among participating players wins.

It is used as an introduction for beginners or as a warm-up for experienced players.

head

A term that refers to the direction of the billiard table, and refers to the side that hits the break shot.

head cushion

Short cushion on the head side.

Headline

A line marking the area of the kitchen, drawn parallel to a short cushion at a distance of 2 points from the head side.

head spot

The center point of the headline. Usually there are no special markings, but they may be used depending on the competition.

head rail

The upper part of the wooden frame with a short cushion on the head side.

The letter to

An arrangement in which the line connecting the pocket, target ball, and cue ball is shaped like a “he” when viewed from the cushion side.

With this placement, it is difficult to see the pocket when aiming from the cue ball to the target ball, so it is one of the shots that many players are weak at.

ball

There are two types of balls in pocket billiards: cue balls and target balls.The white one is the cue ball, and the target balls are numbered from 1 to 5.

Balls 1 to 5 are also called low balls, and balls 9 to 5 are also called high balls. They used to be made of ivory, but now they are commonly made of phenolic resin.

ball in hand

The ability to pick up the cue ball and place it anywhere on the table due to an opponent’s foul.

In Japan, it is also expressed as “free ball” or “cue ball free.”

ball handicap

If there is a difference in ability between competing players, this is one of the conditions set to equalize the chances of winning.

To win the game, you can vary the number and type of balls you need to drop.

point

About the score. Score.
1 rack (game) win.
Marks arranged at equal intervals around the table along the cushions. It is used as a guide when shooting with a cushion.
The hagi (tip) of a bat. Or the number.

bowlard

A game where you aim for a high score by playing 10 frames, with 2 innings as one frame, using 10 target balls and a cue ball.

Regardless of the ball number, you may pocket from any target ball, and each ball is counted as one point, and the total score will be calculated according to the bowling scoring format.

pocket

Holes for balls to drop into, located at a total of six locations in the four corners of a pocket billiard table (corner pockets) and in the center of the long cushion (side pockets).
In Japanese, the word is also used to refer to pocket billiards itself.

position play

After pocketing one target ball, think and control the cue ball so that the next play can be easily made in succession.

Depending on the situation, it is necessary to adjust the appropriate force of the shot, adjust the breaking point, and read the reflection of the cushion, all of which are essential to understanding the fun of pocket billiards.

marking

The act of placing chalk on a rail or marking a rasha to mark the target of a shot. This action is a foul.

My queue

This refers to a cue owned by an individual as opposed to a house cue, and is a Japanese English term commonly used in Japan.

trout

This is a slang word for rack, and the act of assembling a rack is sometimes expressed as “setting up a square.”

Maswari

In 9-ball, etc., after dropping a ball other than the 9th ball on the break, it refers to hitting all the way to the final 9th ball without making a shooting mistake.

In the case of 10-ball, you can reach the 10th ball, and in the case of 8-ball, you can complete all of your group balls plus the 8th ball from the break-in without making any mistakes to achieve Maswari.

However, if you drop the 9th or 10th ball with a combination shot, cannon shot, flock, etc. during the cutoff, it is not officially called Maswari.

The origin of the word is said to be “to cut and cut off a masu (rack)”.

mushroom

During use, the tap deforms due to pressure, causing the sides of the tap to swell and protrude.

It is also commonly called “taiko”. When adjusting, you need to use a knife or similar tool to align it with the line on the side of the tip.

masse

This is one of the shots often used in carom, and is a shot where the cue is extremely tilted, giving the cue ball a rapid retreat and twisting rotation, making it move in a way that would be impossible with a normal shot.

target ball

A general term for cue balls, numbered from 1 to 15. It can be divided into three types: solid, striped, and eight ball.

The number ball you are currently trying to pocket. Or the number ball you are currently trying to hit with your cue ball.

anticipation

This refers to the shift in the path of the cue ball when the cue ball is twisted (hitting the left and right sides of the cue ball).

It also refers to the act of intentionally making corrections to the target thicker or thinner, anticipating that the target will be off by this amount.

The origin of the word is “to do ○○ in anticipation of XX”, and the type of shot and how much anticipation comes out depends on the person making the hit, the nature of the shaft, the method of the stroke, the point of the hit, etc.

Therefore, there is no general standard for “this much”.

mistake

To fail in your aim.

A player who fails to pocket the target ball he was aiming for, but is not fouled, and his turn is changed without penalty.

Miscue

This refers to the phenomenon in which when hitting a cue ball using a point other than the center, the tap slides on the surface of the cue ball, making it impossible to hit the ball firmly.

Even if this happens, it will not be a foul unless the cue ball hits the target ball and there is no cushion.

miss jump

This refers to when, when aiming for a draw shot and using the lower hitting point, the cue tip gets under the cue ball because the hitting point is lowered too much, causing it to jump as if scooping the cue ball.

In many cases, it is a double strike or more, which is considered a foul under the rules.

maple

Refers to a maple tree. It is widely used as a material for billiard cues, especially shafts.

Maple is a stable and light wood, which makes it desirable for billiard players.

In particular, Canadian maple is known for its high quality.

mechanical bridge

Refers to an assistive device for hitting a cue ball that is out of reach.

Mechanical bridges are used during a game of billiards to hit the cue ball that is out of reach of the player.

They come in a variety of shapes, and some have ridges of varying depth, so you can use them depending on where you use them and the points you want to hit.

four balls

Four-ball is a type of carom game that uses a table without pockets and four large balls (two red and two white). Players hit the ball designated as their cue ball out of the two white balls.

If the cue ball hits two or more other balls in a row, you score a point, and the player who reaches the set number of points first wins.

Note that there are no conditions for the cue ball to hit another ball, such as the number of times it hits the cushion.

Four-ball games use balls that are larger and heavier than regular pocket billiards.

Cues are also made to accommodate these special balls. The cue gradually becomes thicker from the tip and is adjusted to reduce the bending of the shaft.

These characteristics reflect that four-ball is a sport that requires unique tactics and techniques.

round robin

Round robin is a type of match where all participating players play against each other.

This is also known as round robin and league play. Each player plays against all other players at least once and is ranked based on the results.

Usually, the winners and top finishers compete for the final ranking.

Rasha

Rasha is the cloth that is laid on the table bed of a billiard table and also wrapped around the cushion rubber.

They come in a variety of materials, including pure wool and synthetic fiber blends, and the most common colors are blue and green, but they also come in a variety of other colors.

The thickness of the rasha also varies, which affects how quickly the ball rolls. Billiard halls are typically replaced with new ones every six months to a year.

rack

Rack refers to the triangular rack used in billiards.

It can also refer to the arrangement of target balls used in a particular sport, set using a triangle rack.

wrap

Wrap refers to the thread on the grip of a billiard cue.

If the cue is made entirely of wood, rather than thread-wrapped or leather-wrapped, it is sometimes called a “no-wrap.”

run out

A runout is when a player continues to drop the remaining target balls in one inning without making any mistakes or fouls after the player has had a turn in the middle of a game.

Also called break and run out.

Riku

“Riku” is a colloquial term for double-sentence, and although it is not used much these days, you may occasionally hear this word from old players.

There is also a theory that this word is a contraction of “army force”. The reason for this is said to be that it is a “forceful method.”

race

Refers to “first to win” in a set match. For example, if the player wins 11 racks (games) first, it is expressed as “race to 11 (eleven).”

For a 5-on-4 handicap match, specific expressions such as “race to 5 (five) and 4 (four)” are used.

rail

Refers to the top part of the wooden frame to which the cushion rubber attached around the pool table is attached.

According to the rules, anything on this rail is considered out of bounds.

rail bridge

A rail bridge is a type of bridge that is different in shape and method from a regular bridge and is used when the cue ball is close to the cushion.

Its shape varies depending on where the left hand is placed by right-handed people.

receive box

It is located on the foot side of the pocket billiards table, and all balls that fall into the pocket will collect here.

This system was developed relatively recently, and originally consisted of balls being “pooled” in nets placed in each pocket.

In the United States, the term “pool” is used as a general name for pocket billiards, derived from this mechanism.

rest

“Rest” refers to the bridge, and refers to the posture of the hand that supports the shaft when hitting the cue ball.

There are many different types depending on the cue ball placement and the type of ball you are trying to hit.

It can also refer to “mechanical bridge” in the same way.

rotation

Rotation is one of the oldest and most representative events in the history of Japanese pocket billiards.

In this game, you use a cue ball and target balls numbered 1 through 15, and your goal is to hit the lowest numbered ball on the table with your cue ball first.

The number of the pocketed ball is the score, and the first to reach the predetermined score wins.

low ball

Lowball is a general term for balls numbered 1 through 7 among the target balls in pocket billiards.

Stripes correspond to this.

long line

The line connecting the centers of the short cushions on a billiard table is called the long line.

When long line is used in the rules, it usually refers to the line from the foot spot to the center of the short cushion.

If the rules for a particular event require the target ball to be placed at the footspot, the ball must be placed along the long line and in contact with the footspot or short cushion side, even if multiple balls are targeted at the same time. I’m going to line it up.

one pocket

One Pocket is a representative game of pocket billiards and is extremely popular, even being a tournament event in the United States.

In this game, two players set their own corner pockets on the foot side of the table, and a point is scored only when a target ball is pocketed there.

Use 15 target balls and win by pocketing a majority of 8 or more.